MENAKAR EFEKTIVITAS ISQM: PERSPEKTIF GLOBAL TENTANG MUTU AUDIT DAN TATA KELOLA RISIKO

Abstract

The International Standard on Quality Management (ISQM) represents a fundamental reform in global audit quality governance, replacing ISQC 1. This study uses a Systematic literature review (SLR) approach, following the PRISMA 2020 and SPAR-4-SLR methods, to examine 25 scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025 that discuss the relationship between ISQM implementation and audit quality. The study results show that ISQM consistently contributes positively to improving audit quality through a risk-based approach, continuous monitoring, strengthening human resource competencies, and organizational leadership. ISQM implementation has also been shown to enhance auditor accuracy, timeliness, and independence. However, ISQM effectiveness is strongly influenced by organizational contexts such as firm size, technology adoption, and quality culture. The findings also identify research gaps, particularly the lack of studies from developing countries, limited models of relationships between variables, and the absence of longitudinal and qualitative approaches. Theoretically, ISQM represents a Knowledge-Based View (KBV) approach and dynamic capability in audit organizations. Practically, the results of this SLR emphasize the importance of fully adopting ISQM as a proactive strategy to improve the accountability and reliability of financial reporting. This study provides a theoretical basis and strategic direction for regulators, academics, and practitioners to strengthen audit quality systems globally, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia.

Standar Internasional Manajemen Mutu (International Standard on Quality Management/ISQM) merupakan reformasi mendasar dalam tata kelola mutu audit global yang menggantikan ISQC 1. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan Systematic literature review (SLR) dengan metode PRISMA 2020 dan SPAR-4-SLR untuk mengkaji 25 artikel ilmiah terbitan 2020–2025 yang membahas hubungan antara penerapan ISQM dan kualitas audit. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa ISQM secara konsisten berkontribusi positif terhadap peningkatan kualitas audit melalui pendekatan berbasis risiko, monitoring berkelanjutan, penguatan kompetensi SDM, dan kepemimpinan organisasi. Implementasi ISQM juga terbukti meningkatkan akurasi, ketepatan waktu, dan independensi auditor. Namun, efektivitas ISQM sangat dipengaruhi oleh konteks organisasi seperti ukuran firma, adopsi teknologi, dan budaya mutu. Temuan juga mengidentifikasi kesenjangan penelitian, khususnya kurangnya studi dari negara berkembang, keterbatasan model hubungan antarvariabel, serta minimnya pendekatan longitudinal dan kualitatif. Secara teoretis, ISQM merepresentasikan pendekatan Knowledge-Based View (KBV) dan dynamic capability dalam organisasi audit. Secara praktis, hasil SLR ini menekankan pentingnya adopsi penuh ISQM sebagai strategi proaktif dalam meningkatkan akuntabilitas dan keandalan laporan keuangan. Studi ini memberikan dasar teoritik dan arah strategis bagi regulator, akademisi, dan praktisi dalam memperkuat sistem mutu audit secara global, khususnya di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia.